Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder that affects one in ten women of reproductive age. This condition is characterized by hormonal imbalances, irregular menstrual periods, and in some cases, the presence of small cysts on the ovaries. Although not all women with PCOS have cysts, this condition can significantly impact fertility and overall health.
PCOS is also linked to other medical problems, such as insulin resistance, obesity, and an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, its early diagnosis and proper treatment are essential.
How do polycystic ovaries affect fertility?
PCOS can make it harder to ovulate, which is essential for achieving pregnancy. Under normal conditions, the ovaries release a mature egg each month during the menstrual cycle. However, in women with PCOS, hormonal imbalances can interfere with this process, resulting in:
- Irregular ovulation: Under- or over-production of certain hormones can prevent eggs from maturing and being released on a regular basis.
- Cyst formation: Follicles that fail to release eggs can develop into small cysts that build up in the ovaries.
- Lower oocyte quality: Hormonal imbalances can also affect the quality of eggs, reducing the chances of fertilization.
What are the symptoms of fertility-related PCOS?
Some of the most common signs that could indicate difficulty conceiving due to PCOS include:
- Irregular menstrual cycles or no menstruation at all.
- Very heavy or prolonged menstrual periods.
- Difficulty getting pregnant.
- Presence of excessive body hair (hirsutism) or persistent acne due to elevated androgen levels.
- Weight gain or difficulty losing weight.
If you experience any of these symptoms, it is important to consult with a fertility specialist for a proper evaluation.
Fertility Treatments for Women with PCOS
Although PCOS can present challenges in achieving pregnancy, there are several treatment options that have been shown to be effective:
- Lifestyle changes: Eating a balanced diet, exercising regularly, and maintaining a healthy weight can help regulate menstrual cycles and improve ovulation.
- Medication to induce ovulation: Drugs such as clomiphene citrate or letrozole are used to stimulate the release of eggs.
- Hormone treatment: Some women may benefit from using medications to balance hormone levels and regulate the menstrual cycle.
Assisted Reproductive Options for Women with PCOS
When lifestyle changes and medications aren’t enough, assisted reproductive techniques can offer an effective solution. Some options include:
- In vitro fertilization (IVF): This procedure is ideal for women with PCOS who have not been able to ovulate with other treatments. IVF allows the stimulation of the ovaries to obtain several eggs, which are then fertilized in the laboratory and transferred to the uterus.
- Egg donation: In cases where oocyte quality is severely compromised, women with PCOS may opt for donated eggs to achieve pregnancy.
- Artificial insemination: For women with irregular ovulation, this technique can be helpful by introducing sperm directly into the uterus during the ovulation period.
The type of fertility treatment will depend on the particular characteristics of each woman and the evaluation of her specialist.
Impact of PCOS on Pregnancy Health
Although many women with PCOS manage to conceive, it is important to note that this condition can increase the risk of certain complications during pregnancy, such as:
- Gestational diabetes.
- Pregnancy-induced hypertension.
- Preterm birth.
For this reason, close medical follow-up is critical to ensure a healthy pregnancy.
Polycystic ovary syndrome is a complex condition, but with the right support and effective treatments, many women manage to fulfill their dream of becoming mothers.
At Fertivida, we understand the challenges that PCOS can pose to fertility and we are here to provide personalized solutions and comprehensive accompaniment. If you would like more information or have questions, please do not hesitate to contact us.
