Teratozoospermia is a term that refers to an alteration in the morphology of sperm. This means that a significant percentage of them have an abnormal shape, which can hinder their ability to fertilize an egg. This disorder is one of the causes that can influence male fertility and, therefore, the possibility of achieving a pregnancy naturally.
The morphology of sperm is a key factor in reproduction. A healthy sperm has an oval head, a well-defined middle piece, and a tail that allows it to move around efficiently. In cases of teratozoospermia, these structures may be altered, affecting the mobility and ability to penetrate the egg.
Causes of teratozoospermia
Teratozoospermia can have a variety of causes, including:
- Genetic factors: Hereditary alterations can influence the development of sperm with abnormal shapes.
- Lifestyle: Excessive use of alcohol, tobacco, or recreational drugs can affect semen quality.
- Medical conditions: Infections, hormonal imbalances, varicocele (dilation of veins in the scrotum), or exposure to radiation or toxins.
- Age: Over the years, sperm quality, including morphology, may decrease.
Identifying the underlying cause is critical to addressing this condition and determining the best course of action.
Diagnosis of teratozoospermia
The diagnosis of teratozoospermia is made by a semen analysis or semen analysis. This study allows us to evaluate the percentage of sperm with normal morphology, as well as other parameters such as motility and concentration.
According to the criteria of the World Health Organization (WHO), a man is considered to have teratozoospermia when less than 4% of the sperm have a normal morphology.
A spermogram can also be used to diagnose this condition, as it includes detailed analysis of sperm morphology. Although both terms are often used interchangeably, the semen analysis provides a broader evaluation, including additional aspects such as volume, semen pH, and the presence of other cellular elements.
Depending on the case, your doctor might recommend one or the other for a more thorough fertility evaluation.
Treatment Options
Although teratozoospermia can make it difficult to conceive naturally, there are assisted reproductive options that offer effective alternatives:
- Artificial insemination (AI): May be an option when teratozoospermia is mild and other sperm parameters are normal.
- In vitro fertilization (IVF): In more severe cases, this treatment allows the selection of sperm with the best morphology to fertilize eggs in a laboratory.
- Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI): This technique is especially useful for overcoming morphology problems, as it allows a healthy sperm to be injected directly into the egg.
The importance of the holistic approach
At Fertivida, we understand that every case is unique. Our comprehensive approach includes a detailed evaluation of male fertility, through examinations such as spermogram and hormone testing. In addition, we offer personalized guidance to help you understand your results and options.
While teratozoospermia can be challenging, it doesn’t have to be an insurmountable obstacle. With the assisted reproduction options available and the right accompaniment, it is possible to find solutions that adapt to your needs and desires to start a family.
