Many of us have already heard of epilepsy, a chronic neurological condition that affects millions of people around the world. But few know that epilepsy can also have effects on fertility in both men and women. This relationship has been the subject of a number of studies, with findings suggesting that both the disease and some of its treatments may influence reproductive function.
Understanding how epilepsy can influence your ability to have children is crucial if you’re living with this condition. Factors such as the type of epilepsy you have, the frequency of your seizures and the medications you take can play a role in your reproductive health. There are medical strategies and treatments that can help you minimize these effects and increase your chances of conceiving.
How does epilepsy affect fertility?
Epilepsy can affect fertility in a variety of ways, in both men and women, due to the interaction between brain activity, the hormonal system, and the side effects of some treatments. In the case of women, epileptic seizures can alter the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis, affecting ovulation and menstrual cycles. In addition, some antiepileptic medications, such as valproic acid, have been associated with an increased risk of polycystic ovary syndrome, which can reduce the likelihood of conceiving.
In men, epilepsy can also lead to hormonal dysfunctions that affect testosterone production and sperm quality. It has been found that some drugs used in the treatment of epilepsy can decrease the number and motility of sperm, which compromises reproductive capacity. In addition, certain types of epilepsy, such as temporal lobe epilepsy, can influence the regulation of prolactin and other neurotransmitters, affecting sexual desire and erectile function.
The impact of epilepsy on fertility varies from person to person and depends on factors such as seizure frequency, type of medication, and overall health. However, with proper medical monitoring, adjustments in treatment, and the support of fertility specialists, it is possible to improve reproductive conditions and increase the chances of pregnancy.
Fertility Diagnosis and Evaluation in People with Epilepsy
When a person with epilepsy has difficulty conceiving, it is advisable to have a medical evaluation to determine the underlying cause. Some key tests include:
- Hormone tests: To assess testosterone levels in men and ovarian function in women.
- Spermatogram: In the case of men, to analyze the quantity and quality of sperm.
- Pelvic ultrasound: To detect alterations in ovulation or the structure of the reproductive organs in women.
- Medication review: It is critical to assess whether antiepileptic drugs may be affecting fertility and to consider alternatives where possible.
How to Manage the Effects of Epilepsy and Improve Your Chances of Pregnancy
Fortunately, there are strategies that can help improve fertility in people with epilepsy:
- Medication adjustment: In some cases, changing the type or dose of antiepileptic drugs may reduce their effects on fertility.
- Hormone therapy: It can be helpful in correcting hormonal imbalances that affect reproductive function.
- Assisted reproduction techniques: Methods such as artificial insemination or in vitro fertilization may be an option for those who face difficulties conceiving naturally.
- Stress management and emotional health: Psychological therapy and relaxation techniques can contribute to improving quality of life and reproductive function.
Although epilepsy can influence fertility, a proper medical approach can minimize these effects and improve the chances of conceiving. In Fertivida, our reproductive health specialists can provide accompaniment and guidance to people with epilepsy who wish to start a family, offering personalized options for each case.
