Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder that affects approximately 0.26% of the population, with a higher prevalence in women than in men. Its impact on digestive health is widely known, but its relationship with fertility is a topic that has gained interest in recent years. Research has shown that undiagnosed or poorly controlled celiac disease could be a factor in fertility problems in both women and men.
As it is an autoimmune disease, it can affect fertility due to chronic inflammation, hormonal imbalance and the nutritional deficiencies they generate. For women, uncontrolled celiac disease has been linked to irregular menstrual cycles, recurrent miscarriages, and difficulties in achieving pregnancy. In men, it can alter sperm quality and testicular function.
Celiac disease and fertility in women
Several studies have identified a relationship between celiac disease and female fertility problems. A meta-analysis found that women with undiagnosed celiac disease are three times more likely to have fertility problems compared to the general population. In addition, an increased risk of miscarriages, premature birth, and low birth weight has been observed in pregnancies of untreated celiac women.
Celiac disease can also cause menstrual irregularities and amenorrhea (absence of menstruation), due to hormonal imbalances resulting from the malabsorption of nutrients. This can make ovulation harder and reduce the chances of conception.
Celiac disease and fertility in men
Although most research focuses on women, men with celiac disease can also experience fertility problems. Studies have shown that this condition can affect sperm quality, reducing motility and increasing the percentage of abnormal sperm.
In addition, some celiac men have shown elevated levels of prolactin, which can lead to decreased libido and sexual impotence. As in women, a gluten-free diet can improve these parameters and increase the chances of conceiving naturally.
How do you know if celiac disease affects fertility?
The first step in identifying whether celiac disease may be influencing fertility is to make an accurate diagnosis. This is achieved through tests such as:
- Antibody test: Detects the presence of anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies, which indicate a possible immune response to gluten.
- Intestinal biopsy: Confirmation by examining a sample of tissue from the small intestine.
- Genetic testing: Identification of genetic predisposition to celiac disease.
If celiac disease is confirmed, it is essential to start a strict gluten-free diet to improve gut health and, consequently, fertility.
Solutions to improve fertility in people with celiac disease
For those who have been diagnosed with celiac disease and want to improve their fertility, following a gluten-free diet is essential. This allows the intestinal mucosa to regenerate, improving the absorption of key nutrients such as iron, folic acid, and vitamin D, which are critical for reproductive health. In addition, it is advisable to work hand in hand with nutrition and fertility specialists to ensure that there are no other nutritional deficiencies that could affect the conception process. Additionally, it is recommended:
- Nutritional supplementation: Ensure adequate levels of folic acid, iron, and essential vitamins.
- Medical monitoring: Regular evaluations with a fertility specialist and a gastroenterologist.
- Healthy lifestyle: Maintain an adequate weight, reduce stress and avoid alcohol and tobacco consumption.
Although celiac disease can affect fertility, early diagnosis and proper treatment can significantly improve the odds of conception and carry a pregnancy to term successfully. For those who suspect that their fertility could be compromised by this condition, getting the proper tests and following a strict gluten-free diet are essential steps.
At Fertivida, we understand the relationship between digestive health and fertility. For this reason, we offer comprehensive evaluations to identify factors that may be affecting reproductive capacity and accompany our patients in the search for effective solutions to achieve their desire to become parents.
