Semen quality is one of the key factors in assessing male fertility and determining the chances of achieving pregnancy. This analysis is essential both for couples who are looking to conceive and for those who want to freeze or donate sperm.
The evaluation process is carried out through an examination known as a spermogram, which provides detailed information about the characteristics and condition of the semen and sperm.
What is a spermogram and how is it performed?
A spermogram is a laboratory test that analyzes a sample of semen to determine its quality and the characteristics of the sperm. This procedure is painless and simple: the man must deliver a semen sample obtained through masturbation, which is collected in a sterile container.
To ensure accurate results, it is recommended that the patient observe certain guidelines before collection, such as maintaining sexual abstinence for 2 to 5 days, avoiding alcohol and tobacco consumption, and not exposing themselves to high temperatures.
The most important thing about the spermogram is where to perform it. Ideally, the sample should always be analyzed in an Andrology laboratory and at Fertivida we are experts in the subject.
Key parameters evaluated by a spermogram
- Semen volume
The normal volume of a semen sample ranges from 1.5 to 5 milliliters. A lower volume can indicate problems in the seminal glands, while an excess can dilute the concentration of sperm. - Sperm concentration
The number of sperm present in a milliliter of semen is measured. Values below 15 million/ml could indicate low fertility (oligospermia), while figures above this range are considered normal. - Sperm motility
This parameter assesses the ability of sperm to move properly to the egg. They are classified into progressive, non-progressive and immobile mobiles, the former being the most relevant for fertilization. - Sperm morphology
The shape of the sperm is fundamental. A sperm must have an oval head, aligned neck, and an active tail. Abnormalities in shape can hinder your ability to fertilize the egg. - Vitality
This test measures the percentage of live sperm in the sample. A percentage of less than 58% can be indicative of problems in sperm health. - Seminal pH
A balanced pH, between 7.2 and 8.0, is necessary for the protection and transport of sperm. Values outside this range may indicate infections or other problems in the reproductive tract.
When is it advisable to perform a spermogram?
A spermogram is recommended in a variety of situations:
- Problems conceiving: It is one of the initial tests to investigate possible male fertility problems.
- Semen freezing: Before medical procedures that may affect fertility, such as cancer treatments.
- Sperm donation: To ensure that the donor meets the quality parameters necessary for successful fertilization.
- Post-vasectomy follow-up: To confirm the absence of sperm after this surgical procedure.
What to do if the results of the spermogram are not optimal?
If the spermogram results show alterations, it is important to remain calm. In many cases, seminal quality problems can be treated or managed with lifestyle changes, specific supplements, or medical and fertility treatments.
Keep in mind that many times, the problems detected can be related to lifestyle habits, temporary health conditions or environmental factors that can be corrected with specific adjustments, such as:
- Adopt healthy lifestyle habits
- Balanced Feed: Including foods rich in antioxidants such as fruits, vegetables, nuts, and whole grains can help protect sperm from free radical damage.
- Hydration: Maintaining adequate water consumption favors semen production.
- Moderate exercise: Regular physical activity improves circulation and hormonal balance, but too much intense exercise can reduce sperm quality.
- Avoid risk factors
- Alcohol and tobacco: These substances negatively affect sperm concentration and motility. Reducing or eliminating its consumption is essential.
- Toxic substances: Minimize exposure to chemicals, pesticides, and high temperatures, such as saunas or prolonged baths, which can damage sperm.
- Chronic stress: Stress can disrupt the hormonal balance needed for proper sperm production. Techniques such as meditation or yoga can be helpful in managing it.
- Consider Supplements
- Antioxidants: Vitamins C, E and coenzyme Q10 have shown benefits for sperm quality.
- Zinc and selenium: Essential minerals for male reproductive health.
- Omega-3 fatty acids: They promote the formation of healthy cell membranes in sperm.
- Medical evaluation and treatment
If sperm results indicate more complex problems, such as oligospermia (low sperm concentration) or teratozoospermia (abnormalities in shape), specialized treatment may be needed. This may include:- Hormone therapies to balance testosterone levels.
- Treatments for infections or other medical conditions that affect the reproductive tract.
- Assisted reproduction techniques, such as artificial insemination or in vitro fertilization.
Remember that assessing the quality of the semen is an essential step within an overall fertility evaluation. In the case of heterosexual couples, both partners contribute 50% of the genetic material needed to conceive a baby. Therefore, evaluating the fertility of both is essential to have a comprehensive view of reproductive possibilities.
At Fertivida, we perform not only spermograms, but also all the necessary tests to determine the reproductive health of each person. Our team of specialists is prepared to offer complete and personalized guidance, accompanying each couple on their path to conception.
