Reproductive health is a critical part of many women’s well-being, and when fertility issues arise, it’s natural to look for answers and solutions. One of the most commonly used tests to assess the health of the fallopian tubes and uterus is hysterosalpingogram (HSG). Despite its complex name, hysterosalpingogram is a simple and invaluable procedure for diagnosing problems that may be affecting fertility.
Hysterosalpingogram is an X-ray of the uterus and fallopian tubes that uses a contrast dye to visualize the shape and condition of these organs. This test is essential to determine if the fallopian tubes are blocked or if there are abnormalities in the shape of the uterus that may prevent conception or cause complications in a pregnancy.
Types of hysterosalpingogram
There are two main types of hysterosalpingogram, which differ in the technology used to obtain the images:
- Conventional HSG: This is the most common type and uses x-rays to capture images of the uterus and fallopian tubes while a contrast dye is introduced. Conventional HSG is widely used due to its accuracy and availability.
- HSG with ultrasound (sonohysterosalpingo): In this type of HSG, ultrasound is used instead of x-rays to visualize the uterus and tubes. Although less common, sonohysterosalpingogram is useful for patients who need to avoid exposure to x-rays or to obtain more detailed images in certain cases.
Both types of HSG provide valuable information about a woman’s reproductive health, although the choice between them will depend on the specific clinical situation and the doctor’s recommendations.
What is hysterosalpingogram used for?
Hysterosalpingogram is a very useful diagnostic tool in the evaluation of infertility. Some of the main reasons why this exam is performed include:
- Evaluation of the fallopian tubes: Blockage in the fallopian tubes is a common cause of infertility. Hysterosalpingogram can determine if there are obstructions that prevent the eggs from meeting the sperm.
- Detection of uterine abnormalities: Malformations in the structure of the uterus, such as fibroids, polyps or adhesions, can make it difficult for the embryo to implant or cause recurrent miscarriages. This test helps identify these abnormalities.
- Post-surgical revision: After certain surgical procedures, such as recanalization of the fallopian tubes, hysterosalpingogram is used to check that the tubes are open and functional again.
What alterations does HSG detect?
Hysterosalpingogram is a crucial test for detecting a variety of abnormalities in the uterus and fallopian tubes that could affect fertility:
- Blockages in the fallopian tubes: One of the most common situations is blockage in the tubes, which prevents sperm from reaching the egg or the fertilized egg from traveling to the uterus.
- Uterine abnormalities: HSG can identify malformations in the uterus, such as polyps, fibroids, adhesions, or birth defects, that can interfere with embryo implantation or cause miscarriages.
- Alterations in the shape of the uterus: Problems in the structure of the uterus, such as the presence of a uterine septum, can be detected with this test and are factors that can hinder a successful pregnancy.
- Internal injuries: Internal scarring or adhesions, which may be the result of previous surgeries or infections, may also be visible in an HSG.
How is a hysterosalpingogram performed?
Hysterosalpingogram is performed in a clinical setting, usually in a gynecologic office or radiology center. The procedure is outpatient, which means that it does not require hospitalization and the patient can go home the same day.
- Preparation: Before the exam, it is recommended that the patient take a mild analgesic to minimize any discomfort. Your doctor may also prescribe an antibiotic to prevent infection.
- Catheter insertion: Once the patient is in position, the doctor will insert a speculum into the vagina to visualize the cervix. A thin catheter is then inserted through the cervix and into the uterus.
- Injection of contrast dye: A contrast dye, which is a liquid that helps visualize the organs on the X-ray, is injected through the catheter. This fluid fills the uterus and travels to the fallopian tubes.
- X-rays: As the dye moves through the uterus and tubes, several X-rays are taken to capture detailed images. These images allow the doctor to see the shape of the uterus and the patency of the fallopian tubes.
What to expect after a hysterosalpingogram?
After the exam, it is common to experience mild vaginal bleeding or menstrual-like cramping, which usually subsides within a couple of days. Most women are able to return to normal activities right after the procedure. However, it is important to follow your doctor’s instructions, especially if antibiotics have been prescribed.
In rare cases, complications such as infections or allergic reactions to the contrast dye may occur. It’s crucial to contact your doctor if you develop symptoms such as fever, severe pain, or heavy bleeding.
Importance of choosing a trusted clinic
Hysterosalpingogram is a procedure that, although routine, must be performed in a reliable environment and with experienced professionals. When choosing a clinic for this type of examination, it is essential to consider the expertise of the medical team, the quality of the facilities, and the level of personalized care offered. At Fertivida, we are committed to providing comprehensive and personalized care to all our patients. If you have questions about your reproductive health or need more information about hysterosalpingogram, do not hesitate to contact us. We’re here to help you better understand your body and make informed decisions about your fertility.
